How forestland size affects household profits from timber harvests: A case-study in China’s Southern collective forest area

To improve the economies of scale in forest management and reduce the fragmentation of forestland, the Chinese central government has implemented a collective forest tenure supplementary reform since 2008. This has included a series of policies for motivating transfer of forestlands use rights among households in the country’s Southern Collective Forest Area (SCFA). However, to date there is little evidence that large-scale forest owners can earn more profits from timber harvests than small-scale forest owners in the SCFA. Using data collected from household surveys in the three of the SCFA’s provinces in 2016, this paper examines the return to scale of forestland ownership for timber harvests in this region, and how the scale of forestland ownership affects households’ profits from timber harvests. The results show a constant return to scale in timber harvests in the case provinces in China’s SCFA, that forestland area makes the most important contribution to the output of timber harvests, and that fragmentation of forestland results in lower profits from timber harvests. It appears that a moderate scale of forestland ownership should be identified for increasing the profits from timber harvests. With the rapid urbanization throughout China, an increase in off-farm employment among rural household members has a negative impact on timber harvests in the region. We argue that policymakers should realize the importance of encouraging the forestland transfers and improve the concentration of forestlands in the next stage of forest tenure rights reform in China’s SCFA.     

探究生鲜人工智能秤的发展状况与趋势

为解决农贸市场、菜市场、超市的销售果蔬、肉类等生鲜的称重、计价、封袋流程复杂、耗时长、精确度不高和结账方式的问题。通过大量查阅和深究国内外的智能电子秤资料,分析和在总结了当前国内外的智能电子秤发展状况与趋势,包括图像识别技术、红外线检测技术和指纹快速结账技术,论述了智能电子秤发展的主要因素与发展趋势,可为智能电子秤科学研究和企业发展提供借鉴。     

我国蛋鸡养殖环境全要素生产率测度及省域比较分析

［目的］蛋鸡养殖场规模化养殖与生态环境保护协调发展问题是蛋鸡养殖业可持续发展过程中面临的关键性问题，测度我国大、中、小3种规模下不同省份蛋鸡养殖场的环境全要素生产率，并从时间、地区两个维度对蛋鸡养殖场的环境全要素生产率进行比较。［方法］利用2004—2016年不同养殖规模蛋鸡养殖场的投入和产出数据，文章基于SBM函数的Malmquist Luengerber（ML）指数方法，对蛋鸡养殖场环境全要素生产率进行分解，将其分解为技术进步指数、效率改进指数。［结果］（1）蛋鸡养殖场环境全要素生产率整体呈现下降趋势，同时与蛋鸡养殖规模呈反比，蛋鸡养殖场规模越大，蛋鸡养殖环境生产率越小。（2）蛋鸡养殖场效率存在效率改善，但养殖技术进步率相对较低，尤其是对小规模养殖场而言，改善空间更明显； （3）蛋鸡养殖环境全要素生产率区域差异较为明显，整体来看，蛋鸡养殖主产区环境全要素生产率高于非主产区。［结论］加强蛋鸡产业科技创新水平以及公共服务设施的投入，提高养殖户的废弃物无害化处理能力，推行蛋鸡养殖的规模化和标准化发展，进一步改善养殖效率，以促进蛋鸡养殖规模化和生态环境保护协调发展。     

Economic Effect of Zoning Regulations on Korea's Small and Medium‐Sized Retailers*

In this paper, we investigated the economic effects of zoning regulations on the retail industry in Korea. We estimated the changes in the number of sales for retail stores using a panel regression analysis for stores in traditional markets. This analysis was conducted to examine the benefit of zoning regulations on retail stores. Our results show that the zoning regulations (called Traditional Commercial Activity Protection Zones) have contributed to an improvement in the actual business performance of small independent retailers. We found that the amount of sales for each store clearly increased on average in the areas designated as Traditional Commercial Activity Protection Zones where there was no market entry of mega supermarket chains (called SSM in Korea). We also present evidence that the effects of this policy differ geographically: the effects were stronger for small and medium cities than for large metropolitan cities. These results suggest that zoning regulations enacted by the government to protect traditional markets and small retailers should also consider regional differences when assessing policy effectiveness.     

Cross‐Functional Integration: Concept Clarification and Scale Development

The centrality of cross‐functional integration (CFI) to supply chain theory and practice has long been recognized. Yet researchers continue to struggle with consistently defining or measuring the CFI construct, thus limiting the utility of CFI research. This research develops (1) a comprehensive definition of CFI that synthesizes previous supply chain research and (2) a valid set of scale items that measure the conceptual domain outlined by this definition. The goal is to build a common foundation for extending knowledge on CFI's antecedents and consequences, and ultimately to improve scholars’ ability to guide a broader practitioner community still struggling to achieve integration in their organizations.     

土地规模与农户秸秆还田技术采纳——基于冀鲁皖鄂4省的微观调查

研究目的:探讨不同规模农户采纳秸秆还田技术的行为差异和影响因素。研究方法:采用Logistic模型对冀、鲁、皖、鄂4省1372份农户调查数据进行实证分析。研究结果:(1)农户的秸秆还田技术采纳行为存在规模经济效应;(2)地块数和区位条件是限制小规模农户采纳秸秆还田技术的客观因素,在土地规模短期不能扩大的情况下,秸秆还田技术不具备普适性是该项技术推广受阻的重要原因;(3)配备秸秆还田服务人员机构,有针对性地对小规模男性农户进行培训和指导,提高农户的经济收入和经济感知,能显著促进小规模农户采纳秸秆还田技术。研究结论:应从改善机械作业条件,促进土地适度规模经营;改进秸秆还田技术,降低技术采纳成本;培育秸秆还田社会化服务组织,提高农户认知等方面着手,有效推广秸秆还田的耕作技术手段。     

以科学发展观指导大学生的全面发展

科学发展观对大学生的全面发展具有指导作用。要用科学发展观指导学生树立正确的世界观,搞好学习,完成学业,做到全面发展。     

中国城市公园的标度律特征分析

科学研判城市公园面积与人口规模的关系,有利于 客观认识和指导城市的可持续发展。采用1996—2019年中 国291个地级及以上城市公园面积与人口规模数据,探究二者 之间的标度关系及其标度因子的时空演化规律,进而采用基于 标度律的公园规模修正模型度量各城市公园面积达到预期值的 程度,并对规模修正指标和人均公园面积进行比较分析,得到 如下结果。1)我国公园面积与人口规模整体呈亚线性规模缩 放关系,公园具有显著规模效应,符合城市标度律特征;时间 上呈现亚线性-超线性-亚线性的阶段性波动演变特征,空间 上分异明显：华南接近线性标度关系,华中、东北、华北、西 南呈典型亚线性关系,华东、西北呈亚线性,但标度因子偏离 度较大。2)大城市在人均公园面积排序中相对靠后,在考虑 规模效应后,排名普遍提高,说明规模修正指标能在消除人口 规模影响的基础上,有效衡量不同规模城市公园面积的水平。 标度律视角下的城市公园规模测度能够为城市人口管理和公园 面积发展的决策提供科学指导,为不同规模城市公园建设提供 可借鉴的比较标准,促进公园与人口的协调发展。     

中国建成区绿地率区域差异的多尺度分析

建成区绿地率区域差异具有显著的尺度依赖性,基于多尺度视角对其进行分析、综合研判不同尺度间关系,可更确切且全面地揭示其特征,为探寻最佳研究尺度,以及制定兼具差异化和协调性的城市绿地建设决策提供科学依据。综合运用标准差、变异系数、锡尔指数和尺度方差等方法,将地带、省、市3个尺度纳入统一的分析框架,探究1996—2015年中国建成区绿地率区域差异。1)差异测度研究表明,自1996年以来,我国建成区绿地率区域差异在3个尺度上长期存在,均呈现缩小趋势,并表现出明显的尺度效应。2)尺度方差分解结果显示,建成区绿地率尺度方差及构成由大到小依次为市级、省级、地带级,即尺度越小,其尺度方差越大,对区域差异的贡献份额越大。